وَأَنزَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَٰهَرُوهُم مِّنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ مِن صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا
And He brought down those who supported them among the People of the Scripture from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts [so that] a party you killed, and you took captive a party.
The siege of the Trench and Banu Qurayza
9–27These verses were revealed concerning the siege of the Trench (the Confederates) in the fifth year of the hijra and the Banu Qurayza episode that followed. The allied tribes led by Quraysh besieged Medina, which was defended by the trench dug at Salman al-Farisi's suggestion; in the end the enemy was scattered by a violent wind and unseen hosts. The verses describe the moments when eyes grew wild and hearts reached the throats, the faltering of the hypocrites, and the believers' words, “This is what Allah and His Messenger promised us.” The following verses concern the Banu Qurayza, who had broken their pact and aided the enemy, being besieged and surrendering.
Buhârî, Meğâzî (Hendek bahsi); Vâhidî; İbn Hişâm, es-Sîre
Revelation context of the surah
Surah-wideAl-Ahzab is Medinan, revealed largely in the context of the Battle of the Trench (5 AH) and the subsequent events concerning Banu Qurayza. Its other major subjects are the rulings on adoption and the Prophet's marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh, the status of the Prophet's wives, and the verses on modest dress.
Klasik tefsir mukaddimeleri; siyer kaynakları; sahih rivayetler
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