Al-Fil 105:1

The surah refers to the campaign of Abraha, the ruler of Yemen, who around the year of the Prophet's birth (circa 570) marched on Mecca with a great army that included elephants, intending to destroy the Kaaba. According to the reports, the army was destroyed by stones cast by flocks of birds (ababil), and that year became known among the Arabs as the "Year of the Elephant." The surah recalls this event, which the Meccans knew well and still remembered, emphasizing how God protected the Kaaba and those around it.

İbn İshâk, Sîre; Taberî, Câmiu'l-beyân