Al-Hashr 59:4

The opening of Surat al-Hashr was revealed concerning the expulsion from Medina of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir, who had broken their pact, in the fourth year of the hijra; as narrated in Bukhari, Ibn Abbas called it “the sura of Banu Nadir.” During the siege the Muslims cut down and burned some palm trees, and the Banu Nadir objected, “Did you not forbid corruption in the land?” Thereupon the verse was revealed, “Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave,” declaring what was done legitimate.

Buhârî 4029, 4031-4032; Müslim 1746

Surah al-Hashr is Medinan, revealed in the year 4 AH on the occasion of the expulsion of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir from Medina. The surah deals with this expulsion, the rulings on fay' (spoils), the merit of the Emigrants and the Helpers, and the conduct of the hypocrites who had promised Banu Nadir support and then failed them. As related from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Ibn Abbas used to call it 'the surah of Banu Nadir'.

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