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Qurandia

Al-Mumtahanah 60:1

Juz 28 · Page 549

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِٱلْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا۟ بِمَا جَآءَكُم مِّنَ ٱلْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَٰدًا فِى سَبِيلِى وَٱبْتِغَآءَ مَرْضَاتِى تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِٱلْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا۠ أَعْلَمُ بِمَآ أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَآ أَعْلَنتُمْ وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ١

O you who have believed, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, extending to them affection while they have disbelieved in what came to you of the truth, having driven out the Prophet and yourselves [only] because you believe in Allah, your Lord. If you have come out for jihad in My cause and seeking means to My approval, [take them not as friends]. You confide to them affection, but I am most knowing of what you have concealed and what you have declared. And whoever does it among you has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way.

Context

The letter of Hatib b. Abi Balta'a

1

As narrated from Ali in Bukhari, while the preparations for the conquest of Mecca were being kept secret, Hatib b. Abi Balta'a, a veteran of Badr, sent a letter informing Quraysh of the situation with a woman courier. The Prophet, informed by revelation, sent Ali, Zubayr and Miqdad, and the letter was retrieved from the woman's braided hair. Hatib said he had acted not out of disbelief or apostasy but to protect his relatives in Mecca; when Umar asked leave to kill him, the Prophet refused, recalling that Hatib had fought at Badr. It is narrated that the verse “O you who believe, do not take My enemy and your enemy as allies” was revealed concerning this incident.

Buhârî 3007, 4890; Müslim 2494

Revelation context of the surah

Surah-wide

Surah al-Mumtahana is Medinan, revealed in the period between the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the conquest of Mecca (around 8 AH). Its opening verses came down when the companion Hatib ibn Abi Balta'a secretly sent a letter to Mecca disclosing preparations for the conquest, and they regulated believers' ties of allegiance with a hostile party. The surah also contains rulings on testing the believing women who emigrated to Medina, from which it takes its name ('she who is examined').

Buhârî ve Müslim rivayetleri; Vâhidî, Esbâbü'n-Nüzûl

MA

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