An-Nahl 16:128

As narrated from Ubayy ibn Ka'b, when Hamza was martyred at Uhud and his body mutilated, the Companions vowed a far harsher retaliation should the opportunity arise. Thereupon the verses were revealed: "If you retaliate, retaliate to the same degree as the wrong done to you; but if you endure patiently, that is surely better for the patient." The Prophet chose patience and renounced retaliation. Although Surah an-Nahl is counted as Meccan, the prevalent view is that these verses were revealed at Uhud in the Medinan period, while some scholars hold they were revealed in Mecca.

Tirmizî 3129; Vâhidî, Esbâbü'n-Nüzûl

An-Nahl is Meccan, dated to the late Meccan period; there is a report that its closing verses on retaliation were revealed in Medina after Uhud. It marshals proofs of God's oneness through His blessings, and counsels the persecuted believers to be patient and to invite with wisdom and fair exhortation.

Klasik tefsir mukaddimeleri; esbâb-ı nüzul rivayetleri