كَيْفَ وَإِن يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا۟ فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً يُرْضُونَكُم بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ
How [can there be a treaty] while, if they gain dominance over you, they do not observe concerning you any pact of kinship or covenant of protection? They satisfy you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse [compliance], and most of them are defiantly disobedient.
Revelation context of the surah
Surah-wideAt-Tawbah is Medinan and among the very last surahs revealed (around 9 AH). Its main context is the Tabuk campaign, those who stayed behind from it, and the conduct of the hypocrites; it also declares the repudiation of treaties with the polytheists who had violated them. Its proclamations are reported to have been announced by Ali during the pilgrimage of 9 AH; it is the only surah that does not open with the basmala.
Klasik tefsir mukaddimeleri; Buhârî rivayetleri; siyer kaynakları
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