The three men who asked 'Does God hear us?'
22–23
As narrated from Ibn Mas'ud in Bukhari and Muslim, three men of little understanding, two of Quraysh and one of Thaqif (or two of Thaqif and one of Quraysh), were talking beside the Kaaba. One said, "Does God hear what we say?" Another replied, "He hears if we speak aloud, but not if we lower our voices." Thereupon the verses were revealed: "You did not conceal yourselves for fear that your ears, your eyes and your skins would testify against you; rather you assumed that God did not know much of what you did."
Buhârî 4816; Müslim 2775
Revelation context of the surah
Surah-wide
Fussilat is Meccan, dated to the middle-to-late Meccan period. Classical reports associate it with the episode in which Utba ibn Rabi'a, on behalf of the Quraysh, offered the Prophet wealth and status, and the Prophet answered by reciting this surah to him. It censures those who arrogantly stop their ears against the Quran.
Klasik tefsir mukaddimeleri; siyer kaynakları